Ajmer is a city located in the state of Rajasthan, India. It holds great historical and cultural significance and is known for its architectural wonders, religious sites, and vibrant festivals. Ajmer has a rich and storied history that dates back several centuries. From its early origins to its prominence under various dynasties, the city has witnessed the rise and fall of kingdoms, the influence of different cultures, and the development of a diverse and vibrant heritage. In this detailed account, we will delve into the history of Ajmer, exploring its ancient roots, its significant rulers, and the cultural and historical events that have shaped the city we know today.

Early History: The history of Ajmer can be traced back to ancient times. Archaeological excavations in the region have revealed evidence of human habitation dating back to the Paleolithic and Mesolithic eras. The area was inhabited by various indigenous tribes and later came under the influence of the Mauryan Empire during the reign of Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE.

Medieval Period: Ajmer gained prominence during the medieval period when it became an important political and cultural center. In the 7th century CE, the city was founded by Ajayadeva, a Rajput ruler of the Chauhan dynasty. Ajmer, known as Ajayameru at that time, served as the capital of the Chauhan kingdom.

The Chauhan Dynasty: The Chauhan dynasty, with Ajmer as its stronghold, rose to prominence under rulers such as Prithviraj Chauhan. Prithviraj Chauhan, often celebrated as a valiant warrior, ruled over the kingdom from 1179 to 1192. However, his reign was marked by conflicts with the Ghurid Empire, led by Muhammad of Ghor. The Battle of Tarain in 1191 saw Prithviraj Chauhan emerge victorious, but he faced defeat in the subsequent battle in 1192, leading to the decline of the Chauhan dynasty.

Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Influence: Following the defeat of the Chauhans, Ajmer came under the control of the Delhi Sultanate. The city served as an important regional center under the Delhi Sultanate and witnessed the construction of several mosques, including the famous Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra mosque. In the 14th century, the region came under the control of the Tughlaq dynasty.

The Mughal emperor Akbar the Great further enhanced the significance of Ajmer. He conquered the city in 1556 and made it the capital of the newly formed province of Ajmer. The Mughal influence resulted in the development of several architectural marvels, including the Akbari Fort and the Anasagar Lake. The Mughal presence in Ajmer led to a confluence of cultures, as the city became a melting pot of diverse traditions.

The Marathas and the British: In the 18th century, the Maratha Empire rose to power in the region, and Ajmer came under their control. The Marathas ruled over Ajmer until the early 19th century when the British East India Company gained control over the city. Ajmer then became part of the British Raj, and the British influence was visible in the city’s infrastructure and administration.

Ajmer as a Pilgrimage Center: Ajmer’s significance as a pilgrimage center is deeply rooted in its association with the Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti. Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, a prominent Sufi saint, settled in Ajmer during the 12th century. His Dargah Sharif (tomb) in Ajmer became a major spiritual and cultural center, attracting devotees from various faiths. The annual Urs festival, which commemorates the saint’s death anniversary, draws millions of pilgrims and is a testament to the city’s spiritual importance

• Geographical Location and Climate: Ajmer is situated in the southwestern part of Rajasthan and is surrounded by the Aravalli Range. It is located at an elevation of about 486 meters (1,594 feet) above sea level. The city experiences a semi-arid climate, with hot summers and mild winters. The monsoon season brings moderate rainfall to the region.
• Religious Significance: Ajmer is renowned for its religious diversity and is considered a sacred city by Hindus and Muslims alike. One of the most prominent religious sites in Ajmer is the Dargah Sharif, which houses the tomb of the Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti. Devotees from all over the world visit the Dargah to seek blessings and offer prayers. Another important religious site is the Ajmer Jain Temple, dedicated to Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism.
• Dargah Sharif: The Dargah Sharif is the most revered and famous pilgrimage site in Ajmer. It is the final resting place of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, a revered Sufi saint who played a significant role in spreading Islam in South Asia. The shrine attracts millions of devotees every year, especially during the annual Urs festival, which commemorates the death anniversary of the saint. The Dargah is known for its unique architecture, including the silver doors, marble courtyard, and the colossal gate called the Buland Darwaza.
• Ajmer Jain Temple: The Ajmer Jain Temple, also known as Soniji Ki Nasiyan, is an architectural marvel dedicated to Lord Mahavira. It is one of the main Jain pilgrimage sites in Rajasthan. The temple is renowned for its stunning architecture, intricate carvings, and fascinating display of gold-plated wooden figures depicting various aspects of Jain mythology. The central chamber of the temple houses a magnificent wooden chariot, made entirely of sandalwood and gold.
• Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra: Another remarkable architectural wonder in Ajmer is the Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra, which translates to “two-and-a-half-day hut.” It is a mosque built by Sultan Ghori in the 12th century. The structure is known for its intricate Indo-Islamic architecture, with beautiful arches, pillars, and domes. The mosque is believed to have been constructed in just two and a half days, giving it its unique name.
• Taragarh Fort: Perched on a hilltop, Taragarh Fort offers panoramic views of the city. It was built in the 14th century and served as a strategic fortification during various battles. The fort comprises several gateways, reservoirs, and palaces. One of the main attractions within the fort is the Bhim Burj, a massive cannon used during warfare. The fort also houses the Miran Saheb ki Dargah, a revered tomb of a Muslim saint.
• Mayo College: Established in 1875, Mayo College is one of the oldest and most prestigious educational institutions in India. It was founded with the aim of providing quality education to Indian princely families. The college follows the British public school system and boasts impressive colonial-era architecture. The campus is spread over a sprawling estate and includes a museum showcasing artifacts related to Rajputana history.
• Festivals: Ajmer is known for its vibrant and colorful festivals that showcase the cultural heritage of the region. The Urs festival, held at the Dargah Sharif, is the most significant festival in Ajmer. It commemorates the death anniversary of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and attracts devotees from various religious backgrounds. The Pushkar Fair, held annually in nearby Pushkar, is another famous event that draws tourists and locals alike. It is one of the largest cattle fairs in the world and features traditional music, dance, and camel races.
• Handicrafts and Cuisine: Ajmer is renowned for its rich handicrafts, including exquisite embroidery work, leather goods, and metalwork. The city’s bustling markets offer a wide range of traditional Rajasthani handicrafts that make for excellent souvenirs. When it comes to cuisine, Ajmer offers a delectable array of traditional Rajasthani dishes. Dal Baati Churma, Kadi Kachori, and Ghewar are some of the local delicacies that food enthusiasts must try.

In conclusion, Ajmer is a city that blends history, spirituality, and cultural heritage seamlessly. Its architectural wonders, religious sites, festivals, and warm hospitality make it a must-visit destination in India. Whether you are a history buff, a spiritual seeker, or a cultural enthusiast, Ajmer has something unique to offer to everyone.

FAQ

What is the old name of Ajmer?

The old name of Ajmer was “Ajayameru.” It is believed that the city derived its name from its founder, Ajayadeva, a Rajput ruler who established the city in the 7th century AD. Over time, the name Ajayameru gradually evolved into the present-day name Ajmer.

Which fair is famous in Ajmer?

Ajmer is also a take-off point for Pushkar (11 km away), particularly at the time of the famous Pushkar fair held during the months of October/November. The biggest and most colorful camel/cattle fair in the world takes place here during the month of Kartik and it is on the Kartik full moon that thousands gather to take a dip in the picturesque lake. It is said that a Lotus fell from Lord Brahma’s hand and a lake sprang forth.

The annual Urs at Dargah of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti is held on a grand scale and attracts pilgrims from all over the world irrespective of their caste and religion.

Which is the largest fair in Rajasthan?

PUSHKAR FAIR

It is one of the world’s largest cattle fairs. Apart from the buying and selling of livestock, it has become an important tourist attraction. Competitions such as the ‘matka phod’, ‘longest moustache’, and ‘bridal competition’ are the main draws for this fair which attracts thousands of tourists.

What are the Famous tourist places in Ajmer?

Ajmer is home to several famous tourist places that attract visitors from around the world. Here are some of the popular tourist attractions in Ajmer:

• Dargah Sharif: Dargah Sharif is the most famous and revered tourist destination in Ajmer. It is the tomb of the Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and attracts millions of devotees from different religious backgrounds who come to seek blessings and offer prayers.
• Ajmer Jain Temple (Soniji Ki Nasiyan): The Ajmer Jain Temple is a magnificent Jain temple dedicated to Lord Mahavira. It is known for its intricate architecture, stunning carvings, and captivating display of gold-plated wooden figures depicting Jain mythology.
• Taragarh Fort: Situated on a hilltop, Taragarh Fort offers panoramic views of the city. It is a historical fort with several gateways, reservoirs, and palaces. The Bhim Burj cannon, located within the fort, is a notable attraction.
• Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra is an ancient mosque that showcases beautiful Indo-Islamic architecture. It is known for its intricate arches, pillars, and domes. The mosque’s name translates to “two-and-a-half-day hut” and has an interesting history.
• Anasagar Lake: Anasagar Lake is a picturesque artificial lake located in Ajmer. Built by Anaji Chauhan, the grandfather of Prithviraj Chauhan, it offers a serene environment and is a popular spot for boating and leisurely walks.
• Mayo College: Mayo College is one of the oldest and most prestigious educational institutions in India. The college campus features impressive colonial-era architecture and houses a museum displaying artifacts related to Rajputana history.
• Akbari Fort and Museum: Located near the Dargah Sharif, Akbari Fort, and Museum showcases a collection of ancient artifacts, manuscripts, and artworks. It provides insights into the history and culture of Ajmer.
• Nareli Jain Temple: Nareli Jain Temple is a modern Jain temple complex located on the outskirts of Ajmer. It features a stunning marble structure with intricate carvings and offers a tranquil atmosphere for prayer and meditation.
• Ajmer Government Museum: Ajmer Government Museum houses a diverse collection of sculptures, paintings, inscriptions, and artifacts from the region’s rich history. It provides a glimpse into the art and cultural heritage of Ajmer and its surrounding areas.
• Ana Sagar Park: Ana Sagar Park is a beautiful landscaped garden situated near Ana Sagar Lake. It offers a serene environment for picnics, leisurely walks, and enjoying the scenic beauty of the surroundings.

These are just a few of the famous tourist places in Ajmer. The city offers a blend of spirituality, history, and natural beauty, providing visitors with a range of captivating experiences.